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MUKPO CLAN...The six clans (dong) of Tibet: Mukpo, Gade, Drupa, Denma, Shenpa, Tagrong, Dege(?)..."I have kept the name Mukpo as my family name, my identity, my pride." (Trungpa:1984..pg 94)
...."rMu bza (Mu wife) was the grandmother of Gesar." "sMug'po gdong or Idong, one of the four original tribes of Tibet from which the people of gLing were descended. Ancient saying: 'The descendants of the Mugpo Dong race think only of conquering other peoples." (Norbu: 1995..pg 5-8)
".... a thirteenth century manuscript called "The Appearance of the Little Black-Headed Man" (dBu nag mi'u dra chag), and in that case a yak is substituted for the snow lion, which had not yet emerged as the national symbol of Tibet. In the text, a nyen (wylie: gNyan, mountain spirit) kills his son-in-law, Khri-to, who is the primeval human man, in a misguided attempt to avenge his daughter. The nyen then is made to see his mistake by a mediator and compensates Khri-to's six sons with the gift of the tiger, yak, garuda, dragon, goat, and dog. The first four brothers then launch an exhibition to kill robbers who were also involved with their mother's death, and each of their four animals then becomes a personal drala (wylie: dgra bla, "protective warrior spirit") to one of the four brothers. The brothers who received the goat and dog choose not to participate, and their animals therefore do not become drala. Each of the brothers represents one of the six primitive Tibetan clans (bod mi'u gdung drug), with which their respective animals also become associated.".....Karmay, Samten G. The Arrow and the Spindle: Studies in History, Myths, Rituals and Beliefs in Tibet. Mandala Publishing: 1998 pg. 420
"The term "Sumerian" is the common name given to the ancient non-Semitic inhabitants of southern Mesopotamia, Sumer, (4th millennium BC).....by the Semitic Akkadians. The Sumerians referred to themselves as ùĝ saĝ gíg-ga (cuneiform: 𒌦 𒊕 𒈪 𒂵), phonetically uŋ saŋ giga, literally meaning "the black-headed people"....... W. Hallo, W. Simpson (1971). The Ancient Near East. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. p. 28.
The garuda and the dragon have their origin in Indian and Chinese mythology, respectively. However, regarding the origin of the animals as a tetrad, "neither written nor oral explanations exist anywhere" with the exception of a thirteenth century manuscript called "The Appearance of the Little Black-Headed Man" (dBu nag mi'u dra chag), and in that case a yak is substituted for the snow lion, which had not yet emerged as the national symbol of Tibet.
Within the territory of Olmo Lung-ring there are seven royal races (rgyal rigs) and chief among them is the clan of Mu shen (dmu-gshen) from which Tonpa Shenrab descended. Thus the word "gshen" is also the name of a clan, as well as the term for a kind of practitioner. Besides the Mushen, there were six more royal races or clans (rgyal rigs) ruling in Olmo Lung-ring: "Hos", "Shag", "dPo", "rGya", "gTo", and "gNyan". There are also classes of ministers, merchants, artisans, commoners, and so on.
Tonpa Shenrab was born at the palace Barpo Sogye of Tagzig Olmo Lung Ring. His father was Gyalbon Thodkar of the Mu clan and his mother Yonchi Gyalzhedma.
The major ancestral tribes of Tibet ....
The Se (se), closely associated with the Azha (a zha) tribe
The Ba (sbra or dbra)
The Dön (ldon, ‘don, gdon, sdon) associated with Minak (mi gnag)
The Tön (ston, gton, don) associated with Sumpa (sum pa)
The Ga (lga, sga, rga, dga’)
The Dru ('bru) divided into white, black and mixed
The Ma or Mu (smra, rma, dmu, rmu, smu) which corresponds with the clan name of the founder of Bon
The Wa and Da (dpa, zla)
The Go (sGo)
(R.A. Stein, in Les Tribus Anciennes des Marches Sino-Tibetaines)
..."The personal 'shen' of the Shangshung King Thothori was of the Mu clan." (Stein: 1972..pg 230)
...."Shenrab Miwo's clan is considered to be descended from the bMu deities, an ancient class of celestial deities. dMu is also the name of one of the four original tribes of Tibet." (Tharthang: 1986..pg 114)
..."According to legend, a messenger of Phyva goes to the heaven of dMu, asking for a dMu king to rule over the black headed men." (Bansal: 1994..pg 86)
..."then the dMu people, belonging to gShen rabs forefather dMu-rgyal"..(Francke: 1950: 169)
....."one of the six semi-legendary royal races of Olmolungring: dMu, dPo, Shag, rGya, gNyan, Hos"..(Norbu: 1995..pg 271)...
"The Bonpo texts further speak of the three portals or doors of Zhang-zhung and some of these texts assert that Tazig is the middle door (sgo bar-ma). According to Lopon Tenzin Namdak, the outer door (sgo phyi-pa) is Zhang-zhung itself, the middle door (sgo bar-ma) is Tazig, and the inner door (sgo phug-pa) is Olmo Lung-ring. From the innermost gate outwards this represents the movement or progress of the teachings of Yungdrung Bon into the outer world and especially Tibet. At that time Tazig was said to have been inhabited by the "sTag-gzig hos rigs", the royal race (rgyal rigs) of the "Hos" or Persians (the Chinese "Hu"). But in an even earlier time the people belonged to the lineage of the "rGyal-bu 'thing-ge". And in the "Ma-rgyud" is found the story of the emperor Gyer-wer of Tazig who ruled most of the known world......Within the territory of Olmo Lung-ring there are seven royal races (rgyal rigs) and chief among them is the clan of Mu shen (dmu-gshen) from which Tonpa Shenrab descended. Thus the word "gshen" is also the name of a clan, as well as the term for a kind of practitioner. Besides the Mushen, there were six more royal races or clans (rgyal rigs) ruling in Olmo Lung-ring: "Hos", "Shag", "dPo", "rGya", "gTo", and "gNyan"......http://www.surajamrita.com/bon/Shambala.html
..."gdong: face, a synonym of cha-chen; clan, beak, countenance"...For a description of the different lineages see: (Karmay: 1972)
"Based on the statuaries and steles of Babylonia, the Sumerians were “of dark complexion, short stature, but of sturdy frame, oval face, stout nose, straight hair, full head; they typically resembled the Dravidians, not only in cranium, but almost in all the details.” (A Study in Hindu Social Polity by Chandra Chakaberty, Delhi: Mittal Publications, 1987, pg. 33)
"The Cyrus the Great Cylinder is said to be the first charter of right of nations in the world ... Cyrus says there that he shepherded with justice and righteousness all the black-headed nations that he conquered their lands....The phrase "black-headed people" ocurs very often in sacred cuneiform texts.... in a prayer to Nergal, there exists the verse "Bel, thy father, hath given thee the Black-headed people, all living creatures."......
".....the inscriptions of the Sumerian King Shulgi (c. 2161 - 2113 BC)..... "The theme of the black-headed people is recurrent and appears twice in Shulgi C, once in Shulgi P, and once in Shulgi V.... it seems that there was an ethnic difference between the barbarous Gutians and all of the black-headed people of ancient Mesopotamia, not between the Sumerians and Akkadians."....http://www.gmalivuk.com/otherstuff/fall02/echanows.htm
"The title Shenrab Miwoche means ‘the great human being who is the supreme Shen practioner.’ The ancient word gshen is untranslateble and is sometimes used as a synonym for Bon and Bonpo. Shen was also the name of the clan to which Tonpa Shenrab belonged, that is, dMu-gshen, the celestial Shen. The Shen clan (gshe gdung-rus) continues as one of the principal Bonpo lineages even today. In the early days, transmission of the teachings was often through family lineages.” -Bonpo Dzogchen Teachings.....http://bonpo.wordpress.com/
dMu Demons. On occassion, identified as dMu, Lha, Lha, Hindu Deva, rMu, rMu, lha or lha.
dMu-bDud Kam-Po Sa-Zan A Bon sky god. Also commonly referred to as dMu-bDud Kam-Po Sa-Zan.
dMu-rgyal Early ancestors of the race. These were the first beings to employ ritual and magic. They were followed by the 'dre. At times, known as dMu-rgyal.
"Nangzher Lopo (snang bzher lod po) was born in the eighth century somewhere near Darok Tso, a large freshwater lake located in the western Changtang (byang thang)....on his father's side, Nangzher Lopo belonged to the Gurib (gu rib; also: gu rub), a clan native to Zhangzhung (zhang zhung). Zhangzhung was a kingdom that flourished in western Tibet until being annexed by the Tibetan emperor Songtsen Gampo (srong btsan sgam po) in the seventh century. The Gurib clan, which continues to this day, was derived from the Mu (dmu), one of the greatest and most ancient genealogical groupings in Tibet......Nangzher Lopo mastered many Bon traditions and ritual practices as a younger man. The chief teacher of Nangzher Lopo was Tapihritsa (ta pi hri tsa), the last master of an exclusively orally transmitted mind training lineage known as the Zhangzhung Nyengyu (zhang zhung snyan rgyud), an important school of Bon Dzogchen."....http://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Nangzher-Lopo/13164
Email....okarresearch@gmail.com
John Hopkins.....Northern New Mexico….September 2013
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